the chrome

chrome [kʀom]

(Chemistry) chromium

• les chromes [de voiture] the chrome

* * *

nom masculin

1) Chimie chromium

2) Automobile

* * *

1. nm

(= métal) chromium, (= revêtement) chrome

2. chromes nmpl

(parties chromées d'un engin à moteur) chrome sg

* * *

chrome nm

1 Chimie chromium;

2 Aut faire les chromes to polish the chrome.

[krom] nom masculin

CHIMIE chromium

————————

chromes nom masculin pluriel

[d'un véhicule] chrome (substantif non comptable), chromium-plated parts

faire les chromes d'une voiture/bicyclette to polish up the chrome on a car/bicycle

 The argon supply was maintained until the enclosure could be reentered at furnace temperatures below 100oC.

 The current through the slide-wire is adjusted manually by means of a rheostat in the reference unit beneath the chrome plug.

 In what follows, we compare the closure models of H. [...], W. [...], S. [...], and D. [...] for the triple velocity correlation, on the basis of existing experimental data.

vt < led> ■ split after the chrome tannage vt ; split in the blue vt

•

The compound is in considerable use as a catalyst.

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In the field of organic chemistry the combustion reactions are of great utility.

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Some of these solutions are commonly (or widely, or extensively) used, others are used very infrequently.

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Extensive use is made of electric cables manufactured by...

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Carbon steel is extensively (or heavily) used (or enjoys wide use) in...

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Because of the widespread availability of ac power, ac motors are in common use.

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This indicator is in general use.

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Hard chrome plating is used extensively (or has found wide use) in engine repair work.

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There are other abrasive materials whose use is widespread.

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Ample (or Great, or Much) use is made of the laboratories at the mine.

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There is wide use of Type 347 stainless steel.

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Glass wool is widely used (or employed) as a filtering material.

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The hack watch has a wide use in navigation.

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Miniature cameras are much used (or are in wide use).

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The sockets are handsomely finished in chrome plate.

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The sockets are handsomely finished in chrome plate.

1 chrome (metal).

2 picture card (estampa). (peninsular Spanish)

cromo repetido swap

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: cromar.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (metal) chromium, chrome

2 (cromolitografía) chromolithograph, chromo

3 (estampa) picture card, sticker

■ un álbum de cromos a picture-card album

\

ir hecho,-a un cromo familiar to look a sight

* * *

1) (Quím) chromium, chrome

2) (=estampa) picture card; (Rel) religious card

- iba hecho un cromo

3) (Tip) coloured print, colored print (EEUU)

* * *

a) ( metal) chromium, chrome

b) (Esp) ( estampa) picture card, sticker

* * *

= chrome.

Ex. By means of a search for information on nickel- chrome-aluminium alloys a demonstration is given of the way in which publications containing information on alloys are recorded in Chemical Abstracts.

----

* cromo de jugadores de béisbol = baseball card.

* cromo de jugadores de fútbol = football card.

* * *

a) ( metal) chromium, chrome

b) (Esp) ( estampa) picture card, sticker

* * *

* * *

1 (metal) chromium, chrome

2 ( Esp) (estampa) picture card, sticker

tiene una hija que es un cromo his daughter is stunning (to look at)

ir hecho un cromo ( Esp); to look a real sight ( colloq)

* * *

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

a) ( metal) chromium, chrome

b) (Esp) ( estampa) picture card, sticker

* * *

cromo nm

1. [metal] chrome

2. Esp [estampa] picture card;

un cromo repetido a swap;

ir hecho un cromo [desaliñado] to look a real mess;

* * *

1 QUÍM chromium, chrome

2 ( estampa) picture card, trading card

* * *

cromo nm

1) : chromium, chrome

2) : picture card, sports card

* * *

cromo n (estampa) picture card

* * *

1. ( физическая величина) mass

переме́нной ма́ссы — variable-mass

постоя́нной ма́ссы — fixed-mass

2. ( полужидкое тестообразное вещество) pulp; paste; mass; compound (см. конкретные словосочетания)

3. (в производстве бетонных изделий, огнеупоров и т. п.) body

4. ( в электрических цепях — эквивалент понятия «земля»)

1) (в электрических машинах, трансформаторах, автомобилях) frame

2) ( в радиоэлектрической аппаратуре) брит. chassis earth, амер. chassis ground; ( на самолёте) aeroplane structure

«плюс» или «ми́нус» за́мкнут на ма́ссу ( об электрической системе самолёта) the “+” or “—” terminal is earthed [grounded] on the aeroplane structure

с «ми́нусом» или «плю́сом» на ма́ссу ( об электрической системе автомобиля) — with the negative or the positive side (of the electrical system) to the cars frame

5. (большое количество; в выражениях типа «в основной массе») bulk

акти́вная ма́сса ( аккумулятора) — active material

акти́вная ма́сса осыпа́ется с пласти́н — active material is shed from [flakes oil, falls out] the plates

(происхо́дит) выбра́сывание [выпада́ние] акти́вной ма́ссы — the active material is shed, the plates shed some of their active material

акусти́ческая ма́сса — acoustic mass

ма́сса а́тома — atomic mass

бума́жная ма́сса — (paper-making) stock

выдава́ть вла́жную бума́жную ма́ссу в ви́де листо́в — put up a moist pulp in laps

вальцо́вая ма́сса полигр. — composition

взлё́тная ма́сса ав. — take-off mass

ма́сса в конце́ акти́вного уча́стка косм. — final mass

ма́сса во́здуха — an mass

волокни́стая ма́сса цел.-бум. — pulp

враща́ющаяся ма́сса — gyrating mass

газоочи́стная ма́сса — gas purifying mass

гравитацио́нная ма́сса — gravitational mass

ма́сса дви́жущаяся возвра́тно-поступа́тельно — reciprocating mass

де́йствующая ма́сса — active mass

ма́сса для заполне́ния швов — jointing paste

древе́сная ма́сса — wood pup

древе́сная, дефибре́рная ма́сса — groundwood pulp

древе́сная, рафинё́рная ма́сса — refiner groundwood pulp

древе́сная, рафини́рованная ма́сса — refined groundwood pulp

древе́сная, хими́ческая ма́сса — chemiground wood

древе́сно-пласти́ческая ма́сса — wood-plastic pulp

желати́но-глицери́новая ма́сса полигр. — composition

ма́сса зава́лки ( печи) — charge size

зажига́тельная ма́сса ( смесь для спичечной головки) — ignition compound

зали́вочная ма́сса эл. — filling compound

изоляцио́нная ма́сса — insulating paste

ма́сса изото́па — isotopic mass

ине́ртная ма́сса — inertial mass

инерциа́льная ма́сса — inertial mass

ка́бельная ма́сса — cable compound

карбору́ндовая ма́сса — carborundum plastic

коне́чная ма́сса — final mass

ма́сса констру́кции — structural mass

крахма́льная ма́сса — starch composition

крити́ческая ма́сса — critical mass

лё́точная ма́сса метал. — tap-hole clay, tap-hole loam, ball stuff

литьева́я ма́сса пласт. — moulding material

молекуля́рная ма́сса — molecular mass

моля́рная ма́сса — molar mass

набивна́я, магнези́товая ма́сса — magnesite ramming mass

набивна́я, смолодоломи́товая ма́сса — tar-dolomite tamping mass

надкрити́ческая ма́сса — supercritical [above-critical] mass

ма́сса на смоляно́й свя́зке, доломи́товая — tarred dolomite

нача́льная ма́сса — initial mass

неподрессо́ренная ма́сса — unsprung mass, unsprung parts, unsprung weight

неуравнове́шенная ма́сса — unbalanced mass

обма́зочная ма́сса

1. метал. coating mixture

2. свар. electrode compound

огнеупо́рная ма́сса — refractory body

относи́тельная, а́томная ма́сса [ат. м.] — atomic weight

относи́тельная, молекуля́рная ма́сса [мол. м.] — molecular weight

переме́нная ма́сса — variable mass

пласти́ческая ма́сса — plastic (mass) (см. тж. пластмасса)

подкрити́ческая ма́сса — subcritical mass

подрессо́ренная ма́сса — sprung mass, sprung parts, sprung weight

ма́сса поко́я — rest [zero rest, stationary] mass, mass at rest

ма́сса поле́зной нагру́зки — payload [useful load] mass

ма́сса после́дней ступе́ни косм. — final mass

преде́льная ма́сса — critical mass

прессо́ванная ма́сса — moulding compound, moulding powder

приведё́нная ма́сса — reduced mass

присоединё́нная ма́сса — associated [additional] mass

пропи́точная ма́сса — impregnating compound

пряди́льная ма́сса — spinning paste

распределё́нная ма́сса — distributed mass

рафини́рованная ма́сса цел.-бум. — refined screenings

реакцио́нная ма́сса хим. — stock

релятиви́стская ма́сса — relativistic mass

ру́дная ма́сса — lode rock, lode stuff, rock mass, rock bulk

ма́сса са́дки — charge weight

сверхкрити́ческая ма́сса — supercritical [above-critical] mass

соло́менная ма́сса полигр. — straw pulp

сосредото́ченная ма́сса — localized mass

ста́ртовая ма́сса косм. — launching mass

тё́плая ма́сса метеор. — warm mass

ма́сса то́плива, горю́чая — dry-and-ash-free fuel

в проце́нтах от горю́чей ма́ссы то́плива — %, dry-and-ash basis

ма́сса то́плива, органи́ческая — organic part oil fuel, organic matter

ма́сса то́плива, рабо́чая — fuel as-received

в проце́нтах от рабо́чей ма́ссы то́плива — %, as-received basis

ма́сса то́плива, суха́я — moisture-free fuel

в проце́нтах от сухо́й ма́ссы то́плива — %, m.m.f. basis

то́чечная ма́сса — point mass, mass point

тяжё́лая ма́сса — gravitational mass

ма́сса упако́вки — package mass

уплотня́ющая ма́сса ( для соединений) — sealing material, sealing mass

уравнове́шивающая ма́сса — balance mass

фильтрова́льная ма́сса — filter stock

фо́сфорная ма́сса ( смесь для спичечной коробки) — friction compound

хроми́товая ма́сса — chrome plastic

хромомагнези́товая ма́сса — chrome-magnesium plastic

целлюло́зная ма́сса — pulp

чё́тная ма́сса — even mass

шлифова́льная ма́сса — grinding paste, grinding compound

электро́дная ма́сса — anode paste

электрони́товая ма́сса — electronite compound

элемента́рная ма́сса — elementary mass

ма́сса ядра́ — nuclear mass

* * *

краси́тель выцвета́ет (на свету́) — a dye fades

краси́тель закрепля́ется на волокне́ (напр. Ван-дер-Ваальсовыми силами) — the dye is bonded to the fibre by (e. g., Van-der-Waals forces)

краси́тель не линя́ет при сти́рке — a dye is wash-fast

краси́тель не меня́ет окра́ски под де́йствием све́та — a dye is light-fast

краси́тель несто́ек на ше́рсти — a dye is unfast on wool

краси́тель поглоща́ет ви́димый свет избира́тельно — a dye absorbs (visible) light in a selected region of the spectrum

краси́тель применя́ется для окра́ски (напр. тканей, бумаги) — a dye is used for the coloration of (e. g., textiles, paper)

краси́тель про́чен на ше́рсти — a dye is fast on wool

краси́тель усто́йчив к све́ту — a dye is light-fast

краси́тель усто́йчив к сти́рке — a dye is wash-fast

акти́вный краси́тель — reactive dye

ацетонораствори́мый краси́тель — acetone-soluble dye

десенсибилизи́рующий краси́тель — desensitizing dye

диспе́рсный краси́тель — disperse(d) dye

жирораствори́мый краси́тель — fat [oil-soluble] dye, fat colour

катио́нный краси́тель — cationic dye

кисло́тный краси́тель — acid dye

ку́бовый краси́тель — vat dye, vat colour

восстана́вливать ку́бовый краси́тель — reduce [vat] the dye

проявля́ть ку́бовый краси́тель — re-oxidize the dye

легколиня́ющий краси́тель — unfast dye

натура́льный краси́тель — natural dye

невыра́внивающий краси́тель — uneven colour

нераствори́мый в воде́ краси́тель — water-insoluble dye

несмыва́емый краси́тель — washfast

окисли́тельный краси́тель — oxidation dye, oxidation colour

органи́ческий краси́тель — organic dye

осно́вной краси́тель — basic dye, basic colour

пищево́й краси́тель — colouring matter for foodstuffs, food colour

противоорео́льный краси́тель — anti-halo dye

протравно́й краси́тель — mordant dye

прямо́й краси́тель — direct [substantive] dye

раствори́мый в воде́ краси́тель — water-soluble

расти́тельный краси́тель — vegetable colour, vegetable dye (stuff)

светопро́чный краси́тель — light-fast dye

сенсибилизи́рующий краси́тель — sensitizing dye (stuff)

серни́стый краси́тель — sulphur dye

синтети́ческий краси́тель — synthetic dye

спиртораствори́мый краси́тель — spirit-soluble dye

краси́тель холо́дного [ледяно́го] кра́шения — azoic dye

краси́тель холо́дного кра́шения синтези́руется непосре́дственно на волокне́ — an azoic dye is synthesized on the fibre

хро́мовый краси́тель — chrome dye, chrome colour

* * *

* * *

изготовля́ть огнеупо́р сухи́м прессова́нием — dry-press the refractory

набива́ть [трамбова́ть] огнеупо́р — ram the refractory (in place)

обжига́ть огнеупо́р — fire the refractory

огнеупо́р противостои́т высо́кой температу́ре, не расплавля́ясь — the refractory is infusible at extreme temperatures

ста́вить огнеупо́р в обо́ймы — encase the refractory

дина́совый огнеупо́р — silica refractory

ки́слый огнеупо́р — acid refractory

легкове́сный огнеупо́р — light refractory

лито́й огнеупо́р — cast refractory

магнезиа́льный огнеупо́р — magnesia refractory

магнези́товый огнеупо́р — magnesite refractory

магнези́то-хроми́товый огнеупо́р — ( с преобладанием магнезита) magnesite-chrome refractory; ( с преобладанием хромита) chrome-magnesite refractory

нейтра́льный огнеупо́р — neutral refractory

неформова́нный огнеупо́р — unmoulded refractory

основно́й огнеупо́р — basic refractory

пла́вленый огнеупо́р — fused refractory

формо́ванный огнеупо́р — moulded refractory

шамо́тный огнеупо́р — fireclay

nickel, a silvery white metal, Ni.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 nickel

* * *

1) [gen] nickel; (Téc) nickel-plating

2) LAm (=moneda) small coin, nickel (EEUU)

* * *

masculino nickel

* * *

= nickel.

Ex. By means of a search for information on nickel-chrome-aluminium alloys a demonstration is given of the way in which publications containing information on alloys are recorded in Chemical Abstracts.

* * *

masculino nickel

* * *

* * *

nickel

* * *

* * *

níquel nm

1. [metal] nickel

2. Carib [moneda] coin;

níqueles money

* * *

m nickel

* * *

níquel nm

: nickel

* * *

1. chromium [chrome] plating

2. ( хромовое дубление) chroming, chrome tanning

диффузио́нное хроми́рование — chromizing

диффузио́нное, га́зовое хроми́рование — gas chromizing

диффузио́нное, жи́дкостное хроми́рование — chromizing in a molten bath

диффузио́нное, твё́рдое хроми́рование — chromizing by the powder process

* * *

1 to reverberate (sonido).

El oboe reverbera The oboe reverberates.

2 to boom to.

Me reverbera el altoparlante The loudspeaker booms to me.

3 to reflect light.

El cromo reverbera Chrome reflects light.

* * *

► verbo intransitivo

1 to reverberate, reflect

* * *

1) [luz] to play, be reflected; [superficie] to shimmer, shine; [nieve] to glare

2) [sonido] to reverberate

* * *

verbo intransitivo

a) ( destellar)

b) sonido to reverberate, echo

* * *

= reverberate, resonate, resound.

Ex. The film was narrowly endorsed by the ALA only after a heated and violent debate which is still reverberating = La película fue apoyada por la ALA con un estrecho margen después de un debate violento y acalorado que todavía resuena.

Ex. By the way, here I have stolen a phrase from the Library of Congress, not to pick on this wonderful institution, but because its mission statement resonates with a number of individuals like me, who work in research libraries.

Ex. It has resounded through successive grandiose pronouncements in the major library inquiries of the century, the library as `the centre of the intellectual life of the area which it serves'.

* * *

verbo intransitivo

a) ( destellar)

b) sonido to reverberate, echo

* * *

* * *

reverberar [A1 ]

(destellar): las estrellas reverberaban en la oscuridad de la noche the stars twinkled in the darkness of the night

el sol reverberaba en los cristales the sun glittered o sparkled on the windowpanes

reverberaba en la nieve it sparkled o glistened on the snow

2 «sonido» to reverberate, echo

* * *

reverberar vi

1. [sonido] to reverberate

2. [luz, calor] to reflect;

el sol reverberaba sobre las aguas the sunlight glinted on the water

* * *

1 de luz shimmer, reflect

2 de sonido reverberate

* * *

reverberar vi

: to reverberate

♦ reverberación nf

SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors

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Belling was educated at Burts Grammar School in Lostwithiel, Cornwall, and at Crossley Schools in Halifax, Yorkshire. In 1903 he was apprenticed to Crompton \& Co. at Chelmsford in Essex, the firm that in 1894 offered for sale the earliest electric heaters. These electric radiant panels were intended as heating radiators or cooking hotplates, but were not very successful because, being cast-iron panels into which heating wires had been embedded in enamel, they tended to fracture due to the different rates of thermal expansion of the iron and the enamel. Other designs of electric heaters followed, notably the introduction of large, sausage-shaped carbon filament bulbs fitted into a fire frame and backed by reflectors. This was the idea of H. Dowsing, a collaborator of Crompton, in 1904.

After qualifying in 1906, Belling left Crompton \& Co. and went to work for Ediswan at Ponders End in Hertfordshire. He left in 1912 to set up his own business, which he began in a small shed in Enfield. With a small staff and capital of £450, he took out his first patent for his wire-wound-former electric fire in the same year. The resistance wire, made from nickel-chrome alloy such as that patented in 1906 by A.L. Marsh, was coiled round a clay former. Six such bars were attached to a cast-iron frame with heating control knobs, and the device was marketed as the Standard Belling Fire. Advertised in 1912, the fire was an immediate success and was followed by many other variations. Improvements to the first model included wire safety guards, enamel finishes and a frame ornamented with copper and brass.

Belling turned his attention to hotplates, cookers, immersion heaters, electric irons, water urns and kettles, producing the Modernette Cooker (1919), the multi-parabola fire bar (1921), the plate and dish warmer (1924), the storage heater (1926) and the famous Baby Belling cookers, the first of which appeared in 1929. By 1955 business had developed so well that Belling opened another factory at Burnley, Lancashire. He partly underwrote, for the amount of £1 million, a proposed scientific technical college for the electrical industry at Enfield.

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SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Steam and internal combustion engines

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Kettering gained degrees in mechanical and electrical engineering from Ohio State University. He was employed by the National Construction Register (NCR) of Dayton, Ohio, where he devised an electric motor for use in cash registers. He became Head of the Inventions Department of that company but left in 1909 to form, with the former Works Manager of NCR, Edward A. Deeds, the Dayton Engineering Laboratories (later called Delco), to develop improved lighting and ignition systems for automobiles. In the first two years of the new company he produced not only these but also the first self-starter, both of which were fitted to the Cadillac, America's leading luxury car. In 1914 he founded Dayton Metal Products and the Dayton Wright Airplane Company. Two years later Delco was bought by General Motors. In 1925 the independent research facilities of Delco were moved to Detroit and merged with General Motors' laboratories to form General Motors Research Corporation, of which Kettering was President and General Manager. (He had been Vice-President of General Motors since 1920.) In that position he headed investigations into methods of achieving maximum engine performance as well as into the nature of friction and combustion. Many other developments in the automobile field were made under his leadership, such as engine coolers, variable-speed transmissions, balancing machines, the two-way shock absorber, high-octane fuel, leaded petrol or gasoline, fast-drying lacquers, crank-case ventilators, chrome plating, and the high-compression automobile engine. Among his other activities were the establishment of the Charles Franklin Kettering Foundation for the Study of Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis at Antioch College, and the founding of the Sloan- Kettering Institute for Cancer Research in New York City. He sponsored the Fever Therapy Research Project at Miami Valley Hospital at Dayton, which developed the hypertherm, or artificial fever machine, for use in the treatment of disease. He resigned from General Motors in 1947.

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).

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